鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的連接類型

Connection types of steel structures

　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的連接方法有焊縫連接、螺栓連接和鉚釘連接三種。

There are three types of connection methods for steel structures: weld connection, bolt connection, and rivet connection.

　　（一）、焊縫連接

（1） Welding seam connection

　　焊縫連接是通過(guò)電弧產(chǎn)生的熱量使焊條和焊件局部熔化，經(jīng)冷卻凝結(jié)成焊縫，從而將焊件連接成為一體。

Welding seam connection is a process in which the heat generated by the arc causes the welding rod and the workpiece to locally melt, then cool and condense into a weld seam, thereby connecting the workpiece into one entity.

　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：不削弱構(gòu)件截面，節(jié)約鋼材，構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便，連接剛度大，密封性能好，在一定條件下易于采用自動(dòng)化作業(yè)，生產(chǎn)效率高。

Advantages: It does not weaken the cross-section of the components, saves steel, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has high connection stiffness, good sealing performance, and is easy to adopt automated operations under certain conditions, with high production efficiency.

　　缺點(diǎn)：焊縫附近鋼材因焊接高溫作用形成的熱影響區(qū)可能是某些部位材質(zhì)變脆；焊接過(guò)程中鋼材受到分布不均勻的高溫和冷卻，使結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生焊接殘余應(yīng)力和殘余變形，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的承載力、剛度和使用性能有一定影響；焊接結(jié)構(gòu)由于剛度大，局部裂紋一經(jīng)發(fā)生很容易擴(kuò)展到整體，尤其是在低溫下易發(fā)生脆斷；焊縫連接的塑性和韌性較差，施焊時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生缺陷，使疲勞強(qiáng)度降低。

Disadvantage: The heat affected zone formed by welding high temperature in the steel near the weld may cause some parts of the material to become brittle; During the welding process, the steel is subjected to uneven distribution of high temperature and cooling, resulting in residual welding stress and deformation in the structure, which has a certain impact on the bearing capacity, stiffness, and performance of the structure; Due to the high stiffness of welded structures, local cracks can easily propagate to the entire structure, especially at low temperatures where brittle fracture is prone to occur; The plasticity and toughness of welded joints are poor, and defects may occur during welding, leading to a decrease in fatigue strength.

　?。ǘ?、螺栓連接

（2） Bolt connection

　　螺栓連接是通過(guò)螺栓這種緊固件把連接件連接成為一體。 螺栓連接分普通螺栓連接和高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接兩種。

Bolted connection is the process of connecting components together through bolts, which are fasteners. There are two types of bolt connections: ordinary bolt connections and high-strength bolt connections.

　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：施工工藝簡(jiǎn)單、安裝方便，特別適用于工地安裝連接，也便于拆卸，適用于需要裝拆結(jié)構(gòu)和臨時(shí)性連接。

Advantages: The construction process is simple and easy to install, making it particularly suitable for on-site installation and connection, as well as easy disassembly. It is suitable for structures that require disassembly and temporary connections.

　　缺點(diǎn)：需要在板件上開孔和拼裝時(shí)對(duì)孔，增加制造工作量，且對(duì)制造的精度要求較高；螺栓孔還使構(gòu)件截面削弱，且被連接件常需相互搭接或增設(shè)輔助連接板（或角鋼），因而構(gòu)造較繁且多費(fèi)鋼材。

Disadvantages: Holes need to be drilled and aligned during assembly on the board, which increases manufacturing workload and requires high precision in manufacturing; Bolt holes also weaken the cross-section of the component, and the connected parts often need to overlap with each other or add auxiliary connecting plates (or angle steels), making the construction more complex and requiring more steel.

　?。ㄈ?、 鉚釘連接

（3） Rivet connection

　　鉚釘連接是將一端帶有半圓形預(yù)制釘頭的鉚釘，將釘桿燒紅后迅速插入連接件的釘孔中，然后用鉚釘槍將另一端也打鉚成釘頭，以使連接達(dá)到緊固。

Rivet connection is the process of inserting a rivet with a semi-circular prefabricated nail head at one end, burning the nail rod red, and quickly inserting it into the nail hole of the connecting piece. Then, using a rivet gun, the other end is also riveted into a nail head to achieve a secure connection.

　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：鉚接傳力可靠，塑性、韌性均較好，質(zhì)量易于檢查和保證，可用于重型和直接承受動(dòng)力荷載的結(jié)構(gòu)。

Advantages: Riveting has reliable force transmission, good plasticity and toughness, and easy quality inspection and assurance. It can be used for heavy-duty and structures that directly bear dynamic loads.

　　缺點(diǎn)：鉚接工藝復(fù)雜、制造費(fèi)工費(fèi)料，且勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高，故已基本被焊接和高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接所取代。

Disadvantages: The riveting process is complex, manufacturing requires labor and materials, and labor intensity is high, so it has been basically replaced by welding and high-strength bolt connections.

　　本文來(lái)自：禹城鋼結(jié)構(gòu)板房 更多的內(nèi)容請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊：http://www.fptdc.cn 我們將會(huì)為您提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題提供一個(gè)滿意的服務(wù)，歡迎您的來(lái)電！

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